Radical operations (with intention of recovery)

Aim of such operation is total removal of tumour. Radical operation is performed the most frequently in early stage of tumour’s advancement, in which metastases in lymph nodes and distant metastases are not yet present. It is so called local excision. Block operation depends on excision of diseased tissue together with regional lymph nodes. It is the most frequently used in treatment of breast cancer, gastric cancer, cancer of large intestine, head and neck tumours.

Palliative operations

This type of operation is performed in few cases:

Cytoreductive operations depend on decreasing the tumour’s mass to enable more effective treatment with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. These operations are the most frequently used in treatment of ovarian, rectal, parotid gland tumours and some sarcomas.

Operations of metastases depend on removal of involved lymph nodes of armpit, groin, neck and retroperitoneal region. Some metastases, i.e. to the lungs, brain, liver, can be treated surgically after removal of primary change. The most frequently the surgical excision of metastases is connected with radiotherapy.

Operations performed to prolong the patient’s life and to decrease his sufferings are performed in advanced neoplastic disease, i.e. tracheotomy in laryngeal of thyroid gland cancer, ureteral or gastric fistula formation, puncture of body’s cavities (that is i.e. puncture of fluid accumulated in the abdominal cavity in the course of ovarian cancer) etc.

Reconstructive operations

Their aim is to improve the quality of patient’s life, to minimise results of wounds received during the course and treatment of neoplastic disease. In such way loss in tissues of face, oral cavity, breasts are reconstructed. Protheses made of plastics, patient’s tissue, as well as special devices, i.e. electronic larynxes or stoma equipment serving for supplying the abdominal fistulas are also used.

Complications after surgical operations used in therapy of tumours are the same as in case of other operations. 

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