Colonoscopy

It helps to find changes in large bowel from the lowest part of rectum up to the border with small intestine. The examination serves i.a. to diagnose colorectal tumours in early stadium. The same as in previous cases of endoscopy examinations, collection of intestine wall specimen for further tests is possible.

It is necessary for examination, that bowel is completely empty. Just three days before the examination, transition on fluid diet is recommended. Sometimes administration of laxatives or enema before the examination is indispensable. Rarely the complications such as intestinal bleeding occur. Then during the examination anti-bleeding drugs can be injected or laser, heat or current to its stopping can be used as well. The examination takes about 30-60 minutes. Before the examination anxiolytics that minimise partially discomfort felt during the procedure are usually administered. Patient remains under observation to the moment of resolution of their action.

Cystoscopy

The method used in prostatic hypertrophy, before the planned operation or when suspicion of neoplastic changes (such i.e. urinary bladder cancer) exists. It depends on setting of rigid or flexible cystoscope via urethra to the bladder. Use of flexible cystoscope enables to make the diagnosis only, but use of rigid cystoscope enables for simultaneous performance of other procedures, i.e. collection of tissue’s fragment to the examination.

With this method the whole lower segment of urinary system can be examined. This procedure does not require special preparations. Procedure is carried out in anaesthesia. Very rarely after the examination complications, such as bleeding, contact allergy, retention of urine or also infections occur.

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