Knowledge on changes of laboratory indicators in the course of tumours is very important. Some malignant tumours cause presence of characteristic laboratory abnormalities, thus monitoring of such dependencies is helpful in diagnostics of tumours. In interpretation of such results, establishment of boundaries of the normal values and sensitiveness of used methods are of fundamental importance.

OB

OB is simple, fast and cheap laboratory test, which may signal that something wrong is happening in the organism. Its result indicates on tempo of erythrocytes sedimentation in put aside blood sample (usually during 1 hour). Normal result is:

• for women- less than 12mm/hour;
• for men under 60th year of life – less than 8 mm/hour;
• for men above 60th year of life – less then 15 mm/hour.

Increased OB is present in physiological states (pregnancy, puerperium, menstruation). It can also suggest presence of inflammatory states, thyroid glad diseases or tumours.

Morphology

The most frequent haematological abnormalities in case of presence of neoplastic disease are:

• hypochromic/sideroachrestic anaemia (caused by lack of iron) in case of leukaemias;
• haemolytic anaemia (resulting from shortened lifespan of erythrocytes) in tumours of gastrointestinal track;
• erythrocytosis (pathological increase of erythrocytes number) in case of renal cancer, liver cancer and sarcomas;
• leucopoenia (decreased level of leukocytes) in bone marrow infiltration;
• granulocytosis (to high level of granulocytes) in excessive proliferation of cells, bone marrow infiltration, infections or lymphomas;
• lymphocytosis (too high level of leukocytes) in leukaemias and lymphomas;
• thrombocytosis (too high level of platelets) in paraneoplastic and myeloproliferative syndromes.

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