Contemporary medicine administrates the whole arsenal of methods of early diagnosis of cancer. Thanks to them the tumour disease can be diagnosed and - what is the most important - treated long before appearance of the first clinical symptoms. That is why it is important to make use of these methods appropriately early. 

Examination of blood

It is a simple, fast, cheap and easy method to perform for the initial evaluation of the health state of the whole organism. In diagnostics of tumours the evaluation of OB and morphology are especially useful.

Microscopical evaluation 

Microscopical evaluation of collected fragment of tissue helps to estimate probable risk of neoplasia, to discover the already existing change and determine its properties. Material to examinations is obtained from swabs and biopsies.

Imaging diagnostics 

Imaging diagnostics consists of different methods of visualisation of organism’s interior with the help of the up-to-date special devices. These are RTG, USG, computed tomography and scintigraphy, magnetic resonance. They help not only to find a change, but also to evaluate grade of tumour advancement and its response for treatment.

Cancer markers are substances excreted by cancer cells. Changes of their level in blood indicate on development or abatement of disease. They may also suggest occurrence of non-carcinogenic disturbances.

Contemporary medicine has number of methods that enable to examine precisely the traits of tumour.

Diagnostics although sometimes unpleasant is necessary to elaborate an appropriate strategy of treatment.

Tumour can be diagnosed on different stage of its development, from molecular (i.e. changes in metabolism of cells, that is determination of so called markers) to observation of clinical symptoms, caused by improper function of tissues and organs. The diagnostics comprises examinations performed to state the tumour’s presence, to characterise its histological structure and to determine the grade of its advancement.

When presence of tumour is suspected, its localisation and proper collection of material sample to the further tests are of fundamental importance. The most basic and essential is, performed by pathomorphologist, the macro- and micro­scopical evaluation of change. It allows to state, if it is a neoplastic or neoplastic-like change. Microscopical examination determines biological characteristics of the tumour (malignant or benign) and its histogenesis (from which tissue it originated). Establishment of the grade of tumour’s advancement is also of fundamental importance.

To this aim cytolo­gical and histological examinations serve. Also techniques more precisely determining the biological and histogenetical characteristics of the tumour, like histochemistry, electron microscopy or immunopathology, are very helpful.

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