To assessment of grade of the tumour’s advancement, TNM classification is used. Its name is formed from first letters of the words tumour, nodules, and metastases. With regard to anatomical differences, each tumour possesses its own TNM scale. Grade of advancement is determined on the basis of all three indexes.

T - FEATURE

SIZE OF TUMOUR

Tx – size of tumour cannot be assessed.

Tis – tumour in place of origin (in situ).

T1-4 - grades determining size of the tumour.

N - FEATURE

GRADE OF LYMPH NODES INVOLVEMENT

Nx – involvement of regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed.

N0 – no metastases to regional lymph nodes.

N1-N3 - metastases to lymph nodes.

M - FEATURE

DISTANT METASTASES

Mx – distant metastases cannot be assessed.

M0 – no distant metastases.

Ml – distant metastases.

SOMETIMES THE FOLLOWING NOTATIONS ARE DISTINGUISHED

cTNM – clinical classification (on the basis of tests, before the treatment);

sTNM – intraoperational classification (on the basis of tests and evaluation during the surgical procedure);

pTNM – postoperative classification (on the basis of tests before the surgical procedure, intraoperational evaluation and histopathological examination);

rTNM – classification of retreatment – evaluation of the disease development in different phases of the course during therapy, with the help of various therapeutic methods.

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